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George Hetzel (January 18, 1826 – July 4, 1899)〔(George Hetzel's grave ). Accessed September 27, 2014.〕 is a French-born American artist. He is regarded as the founder of the Scalp Level School of painting,〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Wolf's Fine Art )〕 a contemporary to the French Barbizon School of Naturalist painting. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. ==Life and work== Born in an ethnically mixed part of Alsace, France on January 17, 1826;〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=West Penn Art )〕 Hetzel’s family spoke primarily German and emigrated to the United States when he was aged two. They travelled from a Baltimore port to a small farm in Allegheny City, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Hetzel attended Allegheny City school and was apprenticed to a local sign- and house-painter.〔 After four years' training, he earned an artisan’s apprenticeship, painting the interior murals of riverboat public rooms and local Pittsburgh saloons. George was sent to the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf between 1847–49 and studied Da Vinci’s Chiaroscuro (the use of light and dark shadows to heighten depth and drama), which〔 became a signature stroke in his later works. It is thought that Hetzel was first introduced to the bucolic setting of Scalp Level (at the intersection of Paint Creek and Little Paint Creek outside of Johnstown, Pennsylvania) around 1866 during a fishing trip.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Gililand Fine Art )〕 He was then an instructor at the Pittsburgh School of Design for Women and encouraged his colleagues and students to make Scalp Level their summer retreat and work "en plein air". Hetzel exhibited at the National Academy in New York between 1865-1882 and at the Pennsylvania Academy until 1891. He was included in the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia and shown in the first Carnegie International in 1896.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=All Paintings )〕 He also exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition, 1892-1893.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Ask Art )〕 The J. J. Gillespie Gallery sold his works and he kept an independent studio.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Sama Art )〕 His career was established before the Scalp Level works, but they are currently foremost in his legacy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Hetzel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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